Culture media

It a combination of the lead acetate medium described by Kligler and Russels Double Sugar Agar and is used as a differentiation medium for typhoid, dysentery and allied bacilli. It differentiates lactose fermenters from the non-fermenters, Salmonella Typhi from other Salmonellae and also Salmonella Paratyphi A from Salmonella Scottmuelleri and Salmonella Enteritidis

This medium was developed in 1967 by King and Metzger of the Hektoen Institute in order to increase the frequencies of isolation of Shigella and Salmonella organisms when compared with their recovery on other media frequently utilized in clinical laboratories at that time. It is currently recommended as one of several plating media for the culture of Enterobacteriaceae from stool specimens. The increased concentration of carbohydrate and proteose peptone helps to reduce the inhibitory effect of bile salts and indicators and allows good growth of Salmonella and Shigella species while inhibiting the normal intestinal flora.

Recommended for rapid cultivation of aerobes as well as anaerobes including microaerophiles by adding a reducing agent and small amount of agar. The USP, BP, EP and AOAC have recommended the media for sterility testing of antibiotics, biologicals and foods and for determining the phenol coefficient and sporicidal effect of disinfectants. it is intended for the examination of clear liquid or water-soluble materials. FTM is also routinely used to check the sterility of stored blood in blood banks.

This medium was developed by Levine used for the differentiation of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella aerogenes and also for the rapid identification of Candida albicans. This medium is recommended for the detection, enumeration and differentiation of members of the coliform group by APHA. Levine EMB Agar, with added Chlortetracycline hydrochloride can be used for the rapid identification of Candida albicans in clinical specimens.

DNase Test Agar Base is recommended for detection of deoxyribounclease activity of bacteria and fungi, and especially for identification of pathogenic Staphylococci. Addition of toluidine blue in the media is used for differentiation and identification of non-pigmented Serratia species isolated from clinical sources that might be improperly identified as Enterobacter and Klebsiella species. Positive DNase activity is visualized as clear zones (around colonies) when the plates were flooded with 1 N hydrochloric acid.

This medium is used as the base for the media containing blood and for selective media formulations in which different combinations of antimicrobial agents are used as additives. It is also selective for the isolation of Haemophilus species from clinical specimens, especially from upper respiratory tract.

This granulated media formulation is in accordance with the harmonized method of USP/EP/BP/JP/IP. It is used as a selective medium for the isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa from pharmaceutical products. This medium is also used for microbial limit testing for non- sterile products. Ps.aeruginosa colonies may appear pigmented blue, blue-green or non-pigmented. Colonies exhibiting fluorescence at 250nm and a blue green pigmentation are considered as presumptive positive.

Description
C.L.E.D. Agar w/Bromo Thymol Blue is recommended for use in urinary bacteriology. This medium promotes the growth of all urinary pathogens. Lactose is the fermentable sugar. Bromo thymol blue is the pH indicator which turns yellow at acidic pH. Colonies grow as blue or yellow due to fermentation of lactose.

Bile Esculin Agar is recommended for isolation and presumptive identification of group D Streptococci from food and pharmaceutical products. Enterococci and Group D Streptococci hydrolyse esculin to esculetin and dextrose, which reacts with ferric citrate producing brownish black precipitate. Identification of enterococci and differentiation of Group D strptococci from non Group D can thus be performed using this agar medium.

Recommended for isolation and enumeration of Staphylococci in food and other material since it allows a good differentiation of coagulase positive strains. the use of Baird-Parker Agar was officially adopted by AOAC International and is recommended in the USP for use in the performance of Microbial Limit Tests. Recently, ISO committee has also recommended this medium for the isolation and enumeration of Staphylococci. The isolation and enumeration of coagulase positive Staphylococci from food and clinical samples

Agar Agar, Type I is recommended for preperation of culture media for microbiological analysis.