Gram’s iodine is used in Gram staining procedure to differentiate gram positive and gram negative organisms. Gram’s iodine acts as a mordant that causes the crystal violet to penetrate and adhere to the gram positive organisms. It is also used in Neisser’s Metachromatic Staining.

Gram's Crystal Violet is used for Gram's staining. In practice, a smear of bacterial cells is stained with crystal violet, then treated with an iodine containing mordant to increase the binding of primary stain. A decolourizing solution is used to remove the crystal violet from cells which bind it weakly and then the counterstain with safranin.

Negative staining method permits visualization of the usually transparent and unstainable capsule of many organisms, most importantly Cryptococcus neoformans. Nigrosin consists of a suspension of fine particles of carbon. These form a dark background.

Fixative is recommended to fix cytological and histological samples specially vaginal smear (for PAP staining). It preserve cellular morphology of specimen sample

PPotassium hydroxide (KOH) is a hygroscopic, water soluble base synthesized by the electrolysis of potassium chloride solution. It is the raw material for the synthesis of many potassium compounds.

Antibiotic Sensitivity disc are used to determine the effectivness of an antibiotic against a microorganism as a guide to antibiotic therapy. The disc consist of a specific concentration of an antibiotic in mcg which is tested against a microorganism of a standard density, swabbed uniformly on an appropriate media following overnight incubation. Piperacillin / Tazobactam is impregnated on a filter paper disc of specified concentration. Both sides of the disc are printed with PIT and concentration 30/6 mcg for easy identification.

Antibiotic Sensitivity disc are used to determine the effectivness of an antibiotic against a microorganism as a guide to antibiotic therapy. The disc consist of a specific concentration of an antibiotic in mcg which is tested against a microorganism of a standard density, swabbed uniformly on an appropriate media following overnight incubation. Meropenem is impregnated on a filter paper disc of specified concentration. Both sides of the disc are printed with MRP and concentration 10 mcg for easy identification.

Antibiotic Sensitivity disc are used to determine the effectivness of an antibiotic against a microorganism as a guide to antibiotic therapy. The disc consist of a specific concentration of an antibiotic in mcg which is tested against a microorganism of a standard density, swabbed uniformly on an appropriate media following overnight incubation. Imipenem is impregnated on a filter paper disc of specified concentration. Both sides of the disc are printed with IPM and concentration 10mcg for easy identification.

Antibiotic Sensitivity disc are used to determine the effectivness of an antibiotic against a microorganism as a guide to antibiotic therapy. The disc consist of a specific concentration of an antibiotic in mcg which is tested against a microorganism of a standard density, swabbed uniformly on an appropriate media following overnight incubation. Fosfomycin is impregnated on a filter paper disc of specified concentration. Both sides of the disc are printed with FO and concentration 200 mcg for easy identification.

Antibiotic Sensitivity disc are used to determine the effectivness of an antibiotic against a microorganism as a guide to antibiotic therapy. The disc consist of a specific concentration of an antibiotic in mcg which is tested against a microorganism of a standard density, swabbed uniformly on an appropriate media following overnight incubation. Cefoxitin-Cloxacillin is impregnated on a filter paper disc of specified concentration. Both sides of the disc are printed with CXX and concentration 30/200 mcg for easy identification.