This granulated medium is used for presumptive identification of coliforms from variety of specimens such as water, milk and food etc. Bromocresol purple is the pH indicator in the medium which turns yellow under acidic condition, Colour of the medium chnages to yellow due to lactose fermentation and gas entrapped in Durhams tube.

This medium is used for the detection and isolation of gram-negative organisms from clinical , dairy, food, water, pharmaceutical and industrial sources. It is also recommended for the selection and recovery of the Enterobacteriaceae and related enteric gram-negative bacilli. USP recommends this medium for use in the performance of Microbial Limit Tests.

M17 Broth is recommended for cultivation of lactic Streptococci and their bacteriophages. It is usedfor the cultivation and enumeration of lactic Streptococci and their bacteriophages. This medium is a modification of M16 Medium.

Lactobacillus MRS Agar (MRS Agar)Recommended for the isolation and enumeration of lactic acid bacteria from meat and meat products. The composition and performance criteria of this medium are as per the specifications laid down in ISO 1995, Draft ISO/DIS 13720:2010. Peptone, HM Extract B, yeast extract , dextrose provides carbon and nitrogen sources for lactobacilli growth. Sodium acetate and ammonium citrate inhibit Streptococci, moulds and many other microorganisms. Magnesium sulphate and manganese sulphate provide essential ions for multiplication of lactobacilli. Phosphates provide good buffering action in the media. Polysorbate 80 supplies fatty acids required for the metabolism of Lactobacilli.

Kovac's Indole Reagent is used for determination of indole production.In the presence of oxygen, some bacteria are able to split tryptophan into indole and alpha-aminopropionic acid by hydrolytic activity .The presence of indole can be detected by the addition of Ehrlich's or Kovac's reagent (p-dimethylamino benzaldehyde) indicated by formation of a red coloured ring, soluble in ether, chloroform and alcohol.Enterobacter aerogenes ATCC 13048 negative reaction ,no red ring Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 positive reaction, red ring at the interface of the medium

It a combination of the lead acetate medium described by Kligler and Russels Double Sugar Agar and is used as a differentiation medium for typhoid, dysentery and allied bacilli. It differentiates lactose fermenters from the non-fermenters, Salmonella Typhi from other Salmonellae and also Salmonella Paratyphi A from Salmonella Scottmuelleri and Salmonella Enteritidis

This medium was developed in 1967 by King and Metzger of the Hektoen Institute in order to increase the frequencies of isolation of Shigella and Salmonella organisms when compared with their recovery on other media frequently utilized in clinical laboratories at that time. It is currently recommended as one of several plating media for the culture of Enterobacteriaceae from stool specimens. The increased concentration of carbohydrate and proteose peptone helps to reduce the inhibitory effect of bile salts and indicators and allows good growth of Salmonella and Shigella species while inhibiting the normal intestinal flora.

The Giemsa solutions contain methylene blue and eosin.These basic and acidic dyes induce multiple colours when applied to cells. The basic component of white cells (i.e. cytoplasm) is stained by acidic dye and they are described as eosinophilic or acidophilic.The acidic components (e.g. nucleus with nucleic acid) take blue to purple shades of the basic dyes and they are called basophilic. The neutral components of the cell are stained by both the dyes.

Gelatin is a hydrocolloid and is rich in glycine, proline and hydroxyproline, which impart structural stability. It is synthesized from the alkaline digestion of collagen from bovine skin and is referred as type B. It has wide applications in food industry.

Recommended for rapid cultivation of aerobes as well as anaerobes including microaerophiles by adding a reducing agent and small amount of agar. The USP, BP, EP and AOAC have recommended the media for sterility testing of antibiotics, biologicals and foods and for determining the phenol coefficient and sporicidal effect of disinfectants. it is intended for the examination of clear liquid or water-soluble materials. FTM is also routinely used to check the sterility of stored blood in blood banks.

This medium was developed by Levine used for the differentiation of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella aerogenes and also for the rapid identification of Candida albicans. This medium is recommended for the detection, enumeration and differentiation of members of the coliform group by APHA. Levine EMB Agar, with added Chlortetracycline hydrochloride can be used for the rapid identification of Candida albicans in clinical specimens.

DNase Test Agar Base is recommended for detection of deoxyribounclease activity of bacteria and fungi, and especially for identification of pathogenic Staphylococci. Addition of toluidine blue in the media is used for differentiation and identification of non-pigmented Serratia species isolated from clinical sources that might be improperly identified as Enterobacter and Klebsiella species. Positive DNase activity is visualized as clear zones (around colonies) when the plates were flooded with 1 N hydrochloric acid.